高質量建設國家水網工程的思考與建議
Thoughts and Suggestions on High-Quality Construction of National Water Network Project
- Xinqiang Niu 1, 2 ,
- Yongyan Wu 1, 2 ,
- Lei Wang 1, 2 ,
- Tianyou Yan 1, 2 ,
- Jianhe Li 1, 2
摘要
實施國家水網重大工程,加快構建國家水網,對全面提升我國水安全保障水平,支撐經濟社會高質量發展具有重大戰略意義。本文從我國水安全形勢出發,論述了高質量建設國家水網工程的重大意義,以南水北調中線一期工程、引江補漢工程和渝西水資源配置工程為例,從規劃、建造、運行3個方面總結了國家水網重大工程的技術成果和實踐經驗;探討了高質量建設國家水網工程面臨的關鍵挑戰,提出了未來高質量建設國家水網工程的重點技術攻關方向,包括國家水網工程體系構建與功效評價、國家水網工程安全智能建造與運營維護、國家水網工程智能調控等。研究建議,加快推進南水北調后續工程建設,完善國家水網主骨架和大動脈;加快完善區域水網工程布局,支撐國家重大區域發展戰略建設;推進多網融合示范工程建設,提升工程綜合效益;推進重大水網工程全過程數字化建設,提升水網服務社會經濟發展能力,助力高質量建設國家水網工程,為保障我國未來水安全奠定基礎。
Abstract
Developing major projects concerning the national water network and shoring up the construction of the national water network has strategic significance in comprehensively improving China's capacity to guarantee its water security and supporting its high-quality economic and social development. This study first discusses the necessity and urgency of constructing national water network projects based on China's water security situation. Consequently, it summarizes the technical achievements and practical experience regarding the construction from the aspects of planning, construction, and operation, drawing from the examples of the first stage of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Route Project, the water diversion project from the Three Gorges Reservoir to the Hanjiang River, and the water resource allocation project in the west region of Chongqing. Moreover, it explores the challenges in the high-quality construction of national water network projects and proposes several key technological research directions, including the construction principles and effectiveness evaluation systems, intelligent construction and performance maintenance, and intelligent regulation of the national water network projects. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed to promote high-quality construction of national water network projects and to guarantee future water security: (1) accelerating the construction of the follow-up projects of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project to complete the main framework of the national water network, (2) optimizing the regional layout of the water network project to support China's major regional development strategies, (3) promoting the demonstration projects that integrate the development of water network with other networks so as to enhance comprehensive benefits, and (4) promoting the application of digital technologies throughout the entire process of the construction and enhancing the water network's ability to serve social and economic development.

關鍵詞
國家水網工程 / 水資源均衡配置 / 智能建造 / 智能調控 / 水安全保障
Keywords
national water network project / balanced allocation of water resources / intelligent construction / intelligent regulation / water security guarantee
引用本文
一 前言
二 高質量建設國家水網工程的重大意義
(一) 緩解水資源時空分布不均,實現系統均衡
(二) 解決生態環境累積欠賬,實現綠色發展
(三) 全面提升水安全風險防控能力,以更高標準筑牢國家安全屏障
三 國家水網工程建設的代表性技術成果
(一) 南水北調中線一期工程
1 多流域復合調水系統的水資源統籌配置方法
2 工程運行全過程多目標精細化調控技術
(二) 引江補漢工程
1 大埋深軟巖隧洞圍巖 ‒ 支護體系安全控制技術
2 高壓富水斷層隧洞突泥涌水防控技術
3 過活動斷裂帶隧洞結構適應性技術
(三) 渝西水資源配置工程
1 “以干補支、江庫互濟”的水資源配置理念
2 “兩江互備、新老結合”的多水源運用技術方案
四 高質量建設國家水網工程面臨的挑戰
(一) 如何科學有效地發揮國家水網工程綜合效益
(二) 如何實現國家重大水網工程安全智能建造
(三) 如何實現國家水網工程的智慧調度
五 高質量建設國家水網工程的重點技術攻關方向
(一) 國家水網工程的體系構建與功效評價
1 水資源時空均衡理論與優化配置方法
2 水網工程多層級互饋機理與結構體系構建
3 水網工程收益 ‒ 風險評價與經濟論證模式
(二) 國家水網工程的安全智能建造與運營維護
1 復雜地質環境下水網工程災變機制與設計理論
2 水網工程智能建造關鍵技術與裝備
3 水網工程智能運營維護與效能提升
(三) 國家水網工程的智能調控
1 水網工程系統復雜調控過程的高效精準仿真
2 基于多目標協同的水網工程系統實時調度
3 國家水網工程智慧調度平臺
六 高質量建設國家水網工程的建議
(一) 加快推進南水北調后續工程建設,完善國家水網主骨架和大動脈
(二) 加快完善區域水網工程布局,支撐國家重大區域發展戰略建設
(三) 推進多網融合示范工程建設,提升綜合效益
(四) 推進重大水網工程全過程數字化建設,提升水網服務社會經濟發展能力
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