我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用研究
Resource Recycling of Multi-source Organic Solid Wastes in Urban and Rural Areas of China
摘要
城鄉多源有機固體廢棄物(固廢)資源化利用是“無廢城市”建設、循環經濟發展的重要依托,“雙碳”目標的提出也對城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用提出了新的更高要求。本文從生活垃圾、污水廠污泥、農業有機固廢3個方面出發,梳理了我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用的基本進展,凝練出城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用在總體規劃與頂層設計、協作管理與費用機制、技術創新及轉化等方面存在的突出問題,提出了以生物處理為核心的多源協同資源化、以熱化學處理為核心的多源協同安全處置、多源有機固廢集約化/園區化協同處置等關鍵技術路徑。研究建議,系統謀劃面向減污降碳雙重目標的中長期總體規劃和頂層設計,加強多學科交叉與“產學研用”協同以推動關鍵核心技術創新應用與產業升級,健全制度體系并建立跨部門協作的管理體制和市場化的價格機制,以此縱深推進城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用。
Abstract
The resource recycling of organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas is crucial for the development of waste-free cities and a circular economy. The carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals proposed by China also impose new and higher requirements for the resource recycling of these multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas. This study summarizes the basic progress of the resource recycling of multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas in China from the perspectives of household wastes, sewage sludge, and agricultural wastes, and identifies the prominent problems in overall planning and top-level design, collaborative management and cost mechanism, as well as technological innovation and transformation. Moreover, it proposes three key technical paths for the resource recycling, including multi-source collaborative recycling centered on biological treatment, multi-source collaborative safe disposal centered on thermochemical treatment, and intensive/park-based collaborative disposal of multi-source organic wastes. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: forming the medium- and long-term overall planning and top-level design for pollution and carbon reduction, strengthening interdisciplinary integration and industry‒university‒research‒application collaboration, and improving the institutional system by establishing a cross-departmental collaborative management system and a market-based pricing mechanism to promote the innovative application of key core technologies and industrial upgrading.

關鍵詞
城鄉多源有機固廢 / 資源化 / 減污降碳 / 技術路徑 / 園區化
Keywords
multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas / resource recycling / reduction of pollution and carbon emissions / technical path / park planning
引用本文
一 前言
二 我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用現狀
(一) 生活垃圾產生量與處理處置現狀
(二) 污水廠污泥產生量與處理處置現狀
(三) 農業有機固廢產生量與處理處置現狀
三 我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用存在的突出問題
(一) 有機固廢處理處置與碳減排、循環經濟融合統籌不足,總體規劃與頂層設計缺乏
(二) 跨部門協作管理機制和費用機制不完善
(三) 關鍵技術創新及轉化不足
四 我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用的關鍵技術路徑
(一) 以生物處理為核心的多源有機固廢協同資源化技術路徑
(二) 以熱化學處理為核心的城鄉多源有機固廢協同安全處置技術路徑
(三) 城鄉多源有機固廢集約化/園區化協同處置技術路徑
五 我國城鄉多源有機固廢資源化利用的政策建議
(一) 系統謀劃面向減污降碳雙重目標的中長期總體規劃和頂層設計
(二) 加強多學科交叉與“產學研用”協同,推動關鍵核心技術創新應用與產業升級
(三) 健全制度體系,建立跨部門協作的管理體制和市場化的價格機制
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